Zeeman Effect

The splitting of spectral lines when an atom is placed in an external magnetic field was looked for by Faraday, predicted on the basis of classical theory by Lorentz, and first observed by Zeeman, for whom the effect is now named. In quantum mechanics, a shift in the frequency and wavelength of a spectral line implies a shift in the energy level of one or both of the states involved in the transition. The Zeeman effect that occurs for spectral lines resulting from a transition between singlet states is traditionally called the normal effect, while that which occurs when the total spin of either the initial or final states, or both, is nonzero is called the anomalous effect. In the present paper we have gathered the materials about the Zeeman Effect which help us analyze its nature in detail.